Tobacco smoking habits, attitudes and associated factors among women in the United Arab Emirates

Introduction: Tobacco smoking poses significant public health challenges and is associated with a wide range of diseases. This study investigated the prevalence and patterns of tobacco use among women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) focusing on various forms of smoking. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 485 women aged 18 years and older, including both nationals and expatriates residing in Dubai and the northern emirates (Sharjah, Ajman, Fujairah, Ras Al Khaimah, and Umm Al-Quwain). Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire distributed both online and in person, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Approximately 21.4% of the participants reported a history of smoking, with 15.1% identified as current smokers. Cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and waterpipes were the most common forms used. Smoking was most prevalent among women aged 25–30 years and those employed in nongovernmental sectors. Continued smoking was linked to peer influence, emotional distress, low awareness, and family or media exposure to smoking. Female smokers showed limited knowledge of specific smoking-related health risks compared to nonsmokers. Conclusion: Tobacco use among women in Dubai and the northern emirates is concerning, with cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and shisha most common. Younger age, occupation, and psychosocial factors are all associated with tobacco use, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to reduce prevalence, raise awareness, and prevent the rising trend of cigarette, e-cigarette, and shisha use.