Rift Valley Fever Uveitis

Rift valley fever is a rare zoonotic disease primarily found in the African subcontinent. Usually, the disease affects animals but can be accidently transmitted to humans through bite of an infected mosquito or contact with animals. The condition is associated with often a mild form of influenza-like illness to a rare, life-threatening hemorrhagic disease with severe neurological manifestations. Retinitis is a characteristic manifestation which is seen in almost every patient with ocular involvement with Rift Valley fever disease. Anterior nongranulomatous uveitis, optic disc edema, retinal vasculitis, and vitritis are other manifestations of this condition. The visual prognosis is guarded in the presence of macular or paramacular scarring that result from the healing of retinitis lesions. The index chapter will discuss the features and management of Rift Valley fever uveitis and present a case with 3-year follow-up of the condition.