TY - JOUR
T1 - Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors
T2 - A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes
AU - Romdhani, Mohamed
AU - Ammar, Achraf
AU - Trabelsi, Khaled
AU - Chtourou, Hamdi
AU - Vitale, Jacopo A.
AU - Masmoudi, Liwa
AU - Nédélec, Mathieu
AU - Rae, Dale E.
AU - Al Horani, Ramzi A.
AU - Ben Saad, Helmi
AU - Bragazzi, Nicola
AU - Dönmez, Gürhan
AU - Dergaa, Ismail
AU - Driss, Tarak
AU - Farooq, Abdulaziz
AU - Hammouda, Omar
AU - Harroum, Nesrine
AU - Hassanmirzaei, Bahar
AU - Khalladi, Karim
AU - Khemila, Syrine
AU - Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Leonardo Jose
AU - Moussa-Chamari, Imen
AU - Mujika, Iñigo
AU - Muñoz Helú, Hussein
AU - Norouzi Fashkhami, Amin
AU - Paineiras-Domingos, Laisa Liane
AU - Khaneghah, Mehrshad Rahbari
AU - Saita, Yoshitomo
AU - Souabni, Maher
AU - Souissi, Nizar
AU - Washif, Jad Adrian
AU - Weber, Johanna
AU - Zmijewski, Piotr
AU - Taylor, Lee
AU - Garbarino, Sergio
AU - Chamari, Karim
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Romdhani, Ammar, Trabelsi, Chtourou, Vitale, Masmoudi, Nédélec, Rae, Al Horani, Ben Saad, Bragazzi, Dönmez, Dergaa, Driss, Farooq, Hammouda, Harroum, Hassanmirzaei, Khalladi, Khemila, Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Moussa-Chamari, Mujika, Muñoz Helú, Norouzi Fashkhami, Paineiras-Domingos, Khaneghah, Saita, Souabni, Souissi, Washif, Weber, Zmijewski, Taylor, Garbarino and Chamari.
PY - 2022/6/30
Y1 - 2022/6/30
N2 - Objective: Disrupted sleep and training behaviors in athletes have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed at investigating the combined effects of Ramadan observance and COVID-19 related lockdown in Muslim athletes. Methods: From an international sample of athletes (n = 3,911), 1,681 Muslim athletes (from 44 countries; 25.1 ± 8.7 years, 38% females, 41% elite, 51% team sport athletes) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire relating to their behavioral habits pre- and during- COVID-19 lockdown, including: (i) Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); (ii) insomnia severity index (ISI); (iii) bespoke questions about training, napping, and eating behaviors, and (iv) questions related to training and sleep behaviors during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan. The survey was disseminated predominately through social media, opening 8 July and closing 30 September 2020. Results: The lockdown reduced sleep quality and increased insomnia severity (both p < 0.001). Compared to non-Muslim (n = 2,230), Muslim athletes reported higher PSQI and ISI scores during-lockdown (both p < 0.001), but not pre-lockdown (p > 0.05). Muslim athletes reported longer (p < 0.001; d = 0.29) and later (p < 0.001; d = 0.14) daytime naps, and an increase in late-night meals (p < 0.001; d = 0.49) during- compared to pre-lockdown, associated with lower sleep quality (all p < 0.001). Both sleep quality (χ2 = 222.6; p < 0.001) and training volume (χ2 = 342.4; p < 0.001) were lower during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan in the Muslims athletes. Conclusion: Muslim athletes reported lower sleep quality and higher insomnia severity during- compared to pre-lockdown, and this was exacerbated by Ramadan observance. Therefore, further attention to Muslim athletes is warranted when a circadian disrupter (e.g., lockdown) occurs during Ramadan.
AB - Objective: Disrupted sleep and training behaviors in athletes have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed at investigating the combined effects of Ramadan observance and COVID-19 related lockdown in Muslim athletes. Methods: From an international sample of athletes (n = 3,911), 1,681 Muslim athletes (from 44 countries; 25.1 ± 8.7 years, 38% females, 41% elite, 51% team sport athletes) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire relating to their behavioral habits pre- and during- COVID-19 lockdown, including: (i) Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); (ii) insomnia severity index (ISI); (iii) bespoke questions about training, napping, and eating behaviors, and (iv) questions related to training and sleep behaviors during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan. The survey was disseminated predominately through social media, opening 8 July and closing 30 September 2020. Results: The lockdown reduced sleep quality and increased insomnia severity (both p < 0.001). Compared to non-Muslim (n = 2,230), Muslim athletes reported higher PSQI and ISI scores during-lockdown (both p < 0.001), but not pre-lockdown (p > 0.05). Muslim athletes reported longer (p < 0.001; d = 0.29) and later (p < 0.001; d = 0.14) daytime naps, and an increase in late-night meals (p < 0.001; d = 0.49) during- compared to pre-lockdown, associated with lower sleep quality (all p < 0.001). Both sleep quality (χ2 = 222.6; p < 0.001) and training volume (χ2 = 342.4; p < 0.001) were lower during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan in the Muslims athletes. Conclusion: Muslim athletes reported lower sleep quality and higher insomnia severity during- compared to pre-lockdown, and this was exacerbated by Ramadan observance. Therefore, further attention to Muslim athletes is warranted when a circadian disrupter (e.g., lockdown) occurs during Ramadan.
KW - confinement
KW - pandemic
KW - religious fasting
KW - sleep-wake pattern
KW - training load
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85134241220
U2 - 10.3389/fnut.2022.925092
DO - 10.3389/fnut.2022.925092
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85134241220
SN - 2296-861X
VL - 9
JO - Frontiers in Nutrition
JF - Frontiers in Nutrition
M1 - 925092
ER -