Phytochemical profiling and bioactivities of ethanolic leaf, stem, and root extracts of Strobilanthes hamiltoniana

This study evaluated ethanolic extracts of Strobilanthes hamiltoniana leaves, stems, and roots for phytochemical composition and biological activities. Qualitative and quantitative analyses confirmed the presence of major phytoconstituents, including phenolics and flavonoids. Antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) was highest in the root extract (84.61%), followed by leaf and stem. Anti-inflammatory activity showed moderate inhibition, with roots exhibiting the greatest effect. Antimicrobial activity was observed mainly in leaf and root extracts against selected pathogens. GC–MS profiling identified 36 compounds, with lupeol predominant in roots and stems. Overall, the root extract demonstrated superior bioactivity, highlighting its therapeutic potential.