Novel enzymatic graphene oxide based biosensor for the detection of glutathione in biological body fluids

In this work, we report a novel enzymatic biosensor based on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), graphene oxide (GO) and nafion for the electrochemical sensing of glutathione (GSH) in body fluids. GSH-Px was immobilized covalently via 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) onto modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) decorated with GO and nafion and successfully used for sensing of GSH in the presence of H₂O₂ as catalyst with Michaelis-Menten constant about 0.131 mmol/L. The active surface are of GCE improve from 0.183 cm² to 0.225 cm² after modification with GO. The introduced biosensor (GSH-Px/GO/nafion/GCE) was used for monitoring of GSH over the range 0.003–370.0 μM, with a detection limit of 1.5 nM using differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) method. The GSH-Px/GO/nafion/GCE was successfully applied to the determination of GSH in real samples.