Microbiome: A Novel Therapeutics in Cancer Management

The human microbiome is a collection of microorganisms within and on the human body. Continuous host-microbe interaction has allowed the evolution of resilient human microbiome composition. The human microbiome imparts a remarkable coding capacity to the host to carry out various physiological and metabolic processes for the maintenance of human health. Any dysbiosis in microbiome composition induces several metabolic and physiological disorders in the human body. Cancer is one of the leading causes of human mortality and the microbiome is a countering factor for cancer onset. Even a direct association occurs between microbial dysbiosis and the onset of cancer. The classical treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation treatment, and immunotherapy were the methods of choice to treat cancer. As these methods are not productive, novel treatment methods are currently encouraged to meet the needs of the medical treatment for the patients suffering from cancer. Several microbial therapies like virotherapy, oncolytic virotherapy, bacterial therapeutics, direct tumor therapy, a combination of viruses and bacteria with other modalities, and non-living bacterial strategies hold key promises.