Metal-Organic Framework-Based Composites for Rapid and Sensitive Virus Detection: Current Status and Future Prospective

The current spread of various viruses has negatively affected human life and health. Developing enhanced virus diagnostic techniques to mitigate future outbreaks is becoming vital. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained significant attention for their potential applications in virus detection because of their outstanding features, including high surface area, tunable properties, and adjustable pore size. Integrating nanomaterials with MOFs can also further enhance these properties, creating a new class of materials referred to as MOF-based nanocomposites. This review paper provides an overview of the MOF-based nanocomposites' status and future prospects for enhanced virus detection. The recent advances in the synthesis and functionalization of MOF and MOF-based nanocomposites for virus detection are discussed. The paper describes the different types of detection platforms, including nucleic acid and immunological detection, as well as the mechanisms of MOF-based sensors and the techniques used to synthesize MOFs and MOF-based nanocomposites for virus detection. Additionally, the review paper explores the potential of integrating MOFs into real sensing devices and their prospects in real-life applications. Finally, the paper examines the current challenges of these biosensing platforms. Overall, the review paper highlights the capability of MOFs and MOF-based nanocomposites as versatile and practical platforms for virus detection and provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in this area of research.