Influence of Body Mass Index on the Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress among Young Females during Menstrual Cycle

Fluctuating levels of biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative damage are observed during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Recent studies suggest an involvement of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation in the development of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). As obesity increases the risk of PCOS, the present study aims to compare these biomarkers among young females across different Body Mass Index (BMI) groups. To determine variations in the concentrations of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) as biomarkers of oxidative stress, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a biomarker of inflammation, and compare among normal and obese young females during the phases of menstrual cycle. The study included 37 females (20 normal and 17 obese) aged 18 - 22 years. Serum analysis for hs-CRP, MDA, and TAC were performed. Paired and Independent sample T-tests were appropriately used comparing the parameters between early follicular (EFP) and mid-luteal phase (MLP) among the normal and obese subjects. Significant differences were seen in the concentrations of hs-CRP, MDA, and TAC during EFP and MLP of the menstrual cycle among the normal and obese females. An elevated concentration of hs-CRP and MDA, and reduced TAC were observed in the obese compared to normal throughout the menstrual cycle. More than 82.5% of obese subjects having the hs-CRP above normal is alarming, increasing their risk of future CVD and PCOS. Our findings warrant clinical evaluation with prevention strategies for our obese young females. Also, the findings recommend future elaborate research including various biological parameters connected to inflammation and oxidative stress, resolving the etiology of hormonal disorders causing reproductive issues like PCOS in women.