Factors affecting women scientists’ retention and progress in STEM fields in the UAE: A cross-sectional study

Background: The representation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is disproportionate to graduates from STEM fields. There is limited research addressing challenges facing women’s retention in STEM in the UAE. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a validated questionnaire was conducted. A total of 165 participants were enrolled; 62% males and 35% females. Results: More women believed there is gender inequality in STEM (47% versus 28%). 44% of female participants experienced gender inequality in their careers. Men were significantly less likely to experience gender inequality (OR=0.06, 95% CI=0.02-0.16). Women reported lack of organizational emphasis on diversity and inclusion for promotion to leadership (44% versus 60%). Thematic analysis of open-ended responses showed a number of dominant barriers, such as gender bias in hiring and promotion, career impact of motherhood and family responsibilities, and lack of institutional support and flexibility. Conclusion: Data confirms gender-based preconceptions and biases in STEM fields. Institutional initiatives and policies to challenge stereotypes and promote gender equality are required. The governmental role is crucial in creating an inclusive environment for women scientists.