Epidemiological Insights into Self-Medication Practices: A Study Among Residents in Selected Emirates of the UAE

Background: Self-medication is a growing public health concern in the UAE. It is influenced by the country's diverse population and cultural practices. Defined as using medications without medical consultation, self-medication carries risks such as misuse, antibiotic resistance, and negative health outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, motivations, and socio-demographic determinants of self-medication, focusing on the use of non-prescriptive antibiotics, to inform interventions for safer practices. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted over six months (June–December 2023) in Dubai and Ras Al Khaimah. A structured, anonymous questionnaire was administered to 330 participants selected through non-probability consecutive sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 29, with descriptive and inferential statistics applied, including chi-square and logistic regression tests, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Of the participants, 77.4% practiced self-medication, primarily for fever (89.7%) and cough/cold (85.5%). Antipyretics (92.7%) and analgesics (68.8%) were the most common drugs used, with pharmacies being the primary source (77.3%). Significant predictors of self-medication included education level, family structure, absence of a doctor in the family, and lack of health insurance. Self-medication is prevalent in UAE society. Conclusion: Regulatory measures, public education, and improved healthcare access are needed to mitigate risks and promote safe practices.