Effectiveness of psychoeducation interventions in reducing negative psychological outcomes and improving coping skills in caregivers of children with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: Psychoeducation interventions (PEIs) have been used as an adjunct treatment for negative psychological outcomes in caregivers of children with cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of PEIs in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms and improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and coping skills in caregivers of children with cancer. Method: Ten English databases were searched to identify studies on PEIs for caregivers of children with cancer. Studies inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) participants who were caregivers of children with cancer receiving treatment; (2) psychoeducational interventions assessing anxiety, depressive symptoms, HRQoL, and coping outcomes; and (3) usual care, waitlist, or active control as a control group. Meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were used to analyse data. Results: Fourteen randomised control trials were included. PEIs have a beneficial effect on anxiety levels (SMD: −0.59, 95% CI [−0.92, −0.25], p = 0.0007), quality of life (SMD: −0.31, 95% CI [−0.00, −0.61], p = 0.05) and depressive symptoms (SMD: −1.18, 95% CI [−2.08, −0.28], p = 0.01) immediately post-intervention. The effect of PEIs was maintained at long-term follow-up on depressive symptoms (SMD: −0.52, 95% CI [−1.54, −0.36], p = 0.0004). Similarly, the synthesised data suggest that PEIs are effective in improving coping skills. Conclusion: The review provides evidence that PEIs effectively reduce negative psychological outcomes and improve coping skills in caregivers of children with cancer. However, due to methodological flaws and heterogeneity of the interventions evaluated, more research is needed to determine the most effective PEI design and improve the quality of evidence.