Drug interactions of non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers involving CYP3A enzymes and P-GP transporter protein

Non-dihydropyridine CCBs such as verapamil and diltiazem are useful in the management of angina, certain arrhythmias and hypertension and they are known inhibitors of CYP3A enzymes and P-gp transporter. Hence, they can potentiate the adverse effects of substrates of CYP3A enzymes and P-gp transporter. This article focuses on the drug interactions of non-dihydropyridine CCBs involving CYP3A enzymes and P-gp transporter protein. To predict and prevent adverse outcomes, the prescribers and the pharmacists are required to be aware of the possible drug interactions of non-dihydropyridine CCBs.