Cell-targeting nanomedicine for bladder cancer: A cellular bioengineering approach for precise drug delivery

Bladder cancer poses considerable therapeutic difficulties owing to its elevated rates of recurrence and the constraints of existing treatment methods. This study examines the possibility of cell-targeting nanomedicine as a viable strategy to improve the accuracy of bladder cancer treatment. The article explores the use of carbon-based nanostructures, metallic nanoparticles, and new methods in designing tailored drug delivery systems, drawing on knowledge from cellular bioengineering. This study focuses on the interaction between nanoparticles and the urothelium, with a specific emphasis on the potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in treating non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The study highlights how AgNPs may induce apoptosis and stop the cell cycle, offering promising prospects for NMIBC therapy. Furthermore, the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in precise and targeted treatment using photo-thermal ablation is examined. This study highlights the revolutionary capabilities of nanotechnologies, indicating a fundamental change towards improved and individualized therapies for bladder cancer. Therefore, this paper is an essential reference for researchers, physicians, and academics who are committed to progressing cancer therapies.